Biocontrol

Definition of Biocontrol

Biocontrol, or biological control, is the use of living organisms—such as predators, parasitoids, pathogens, or beneficial microbes—to manage agricultural pests, weeds, or diseases naturally. Unlike chemical pesticides, biocontrol relies on ecological relationships and natural processes to suppress harmful species while promoting ecosystem balance.

Biocontrol can be classical, introducing natural enemies from a pest’s native range, or conservation-based, enhancing existing beneficial populations in crops or soils. It is an essential component of integrated pest management (IPM) and sustainable farming.

Why Biocontrol Matters

Biocontrol matters because it provides environmentally friendly, long-term pest management. Key benefits include:

Reduced chemical dependency – Minimising herbicide, insecticide, and fungicide use
Targeted pest suppression – Acting on specific pests with minimal impact on non-target species
Ecosystem health support – Enhancing biodiversity and soil and plant microbiomes
Sustainable and cost-effective – Often self-perpetuating and suitable for long-term management
Compatibility with organic farming – Supports certification and sustainable production standards

Biocontrol contributes to resilient, low-impact farming systems that maintain productivity while protecting the environment.

Key Principles of Biocontrol

Use of Natural Enemies – Predators, parasitoids, or pathogens specifically target pests
Conservation of Beneficial Species – Enhancing habitat, food, and shelter for naturally occurring control agents
Augmentation – Supplementing natural populations with mass-reared beneficial organisms
Monitoring and Thresholds – Applying biocontrol strategically based on pest population levels
Integration with Other Practices – Combining biocontrol with cultural, mechanical, and chemical methods as needed
Environmental Stewardship – Avoiding disruption of native species and ecological balance
Adaptation to Local Conditions – Selecting organisms suited to regional climate, crops, and pest pressures